Application of ulnar nerve diameter changes examined by HRUS in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the value of high-resolution ultrasound the diagnosis and prognosis of cubital tunnel syndrome.@*METHODS@#From January 2018 to June 2019, 47 patients with cubital tunnel syndrome were treated with ulnar nerve release and anterior subcutaneous transposition. There were 41 males and 6 females, aged from 27 to 73 years old. There were 31 cases on the right, 15 cases on the left, and 1 case on both sides. The diameter of ulnar nerve was measured by high-resolution ultrasound pre-and post-operatively, and measured directly during the operation. The recovery status of the patients was evaluated by the trial standard of ulnar nerve function assessment, and the satisfaction of the patients was assessed.@*RESULTS@#All the 47 cases were followed up for an average of 12 months and the incisions healed well. The diameter of ulnar nerve at the compression level was (0.16±0.04) cm pre-operatively, and the diameter of ulnar nerve was (0.23±0.04) cm post-operatively. The evaluation of ulnar nerve function:excellent in 16 cases, good in 18 cases and fair in 13 cases. Twelve months post-operatively, 28 patients were satisfied, 10 patients were general and 9 patients were dissatisfied.@*CONCLUSION@#The preoperative examination of ulnar nerve by high-resolution ultrasound is consistent with the intuitive measurement during operation, and the result of postoperative examination of ulnar nerve by high-resolution ultrasound is consistent with follow-up results. High-resolution ultrasound is an effective auxiliary method for the diagnosis and treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome.

Identification and expression profiling of R2R3-MYB transcription factors in Erigeron breviscapus / 中国中药杂志

R2 R3-MYB transcription factors are ubiquitous in plants, playing a role in the regulation of plant growth, development, and secondary metabolism. In this paper, the R2 R3-MYB transcription factors were identified by bioinformatics analysis of the genomic data of Erigeron breviscapus, and their gene sequences, structures, physical and chemical properties were analyzed. The functions of R2 R3-MYB transcription factors were predicted by cluster analysis. Meanwhile, the expression patterns of R2 R3-MYB transcription factors in response to hormone treatments were analyzed. A total of 108 R2 R3-MYB transcription factors, named EbMYB1-EbMYB108, were identified from the genome of E. breviscapus. Most of the R2 R3-MYB genes carried 2-4 exons. The phylogenetic tree of MYBs in E. breviscapus and Arabidopsis thaliala was constructed, which classified 234 MYBs into 30 subfamilies. The MYBs in the five MYB subfamilies of A.thaliala were clustered into independent clades, and those in E. breviscapus were clustered into four clades. The transcriptome data showed that MYB genes were differentially expressed in different tissues of E. breviscapus and in response to the treatments with exogenous hormones such as ABA, SA, and GA for different time. The transcription of 13 R2 R3-MYB genes did not change significantly, and the expression patterns of some genes were up-regulated or down-regulated with the extension of hormone treatment time. This study provides a theoretical basis for revealing the mechanisms of R2 R3-MYB transcription factors in regulating the growth and development, stress(hormone) response, and active ingredient accumulation in E. breviscapus.

Therapeutic effect of methotrexate combined with electroacupuncture in rheumatoid arthritis rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Currently, methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis has been explored; however, there are still some problems such as unsatisfactory treatment effects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of methotrexate combined with electroacupuncture in rheumatoid arthritis rats. METHODS: A total of 100 Wistar rats were selected, 80 of which were injected type II collagenase to induce rheumatoid arthritis models. After successful modeling, the model rats were randomly divided into model group, methotrexate group, electroacupuncture group, and methotrexate+electroacupuncture group. The remaining 20 normal animals untreated were used as the normal control group. The arthritis index was evaluated at 1, 6, and 12 weeks of treatment. Hematological changes in the ankle were observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining at 12 weeks after treatment. RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect changes in tumor necrosis factor α, JAK3, and STAT3 expression levels. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rate of chondrocytes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, methotrexate and electroacupuncture alone or in combination could significantly reduce the arthritis index of rheumatoid arthritis rats at 1, 6, and 12 weeks after administration (P < 0.05), and the reduction tendency was more significant in the methotrexate+electroacupuncture group. There was no synovial tissue lesion and joint capsule hyperplasia in the normal control group. In the model group, synovial tissue was infiltrated by extensive inflammatory cells; vasodilation and vascular hyperplasia in the synovium triggered the formation of vascular pannus; and intrathecal ligament nerve injury and proliferation of synovial and fibrous tissues were observed. Histological changes in the synovium were less after treatment with methotrexate and electroacupuncture alone than in combination. Treatment with methotrexate plus electroacupuncture obviously decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and synovial hyperplasia. Compared with the model group, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, JAK3 and STAT3 mRNA and protein were significantly reduced in the methotrexate group, electroacupuncture group, and methotrexate+electroacupuncture group (P < 0.05), and the reduction was more significant in the methotrexate+electroacupuncture group (P < 0.05). The apoptotic rate of chondrocytes was highest in the model group, followed by the methotrexate group, electroacupuncture group, and methotrexate+electroacupuncture group (P < 0.05). However, the apoptotic rate of chondrocytes in the methotrexate+electroacupuncture group was still higher than that in the normal control group (P < 0.05). To conclude, the combination of methotrexate and electroacupuncture for rheumatoid arthritis can inhibit the activity of tumor necrosis factor and JAK-STAT pathways, reduce the apoptosis of chondrocytes, and protect the articular cartilage.

Distribution of endothelin-1 and endothelin receptors in the brain of ischemia-reperfusion rats / 医学研究生学报

Objective Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is expected to be a new therapeutic target for cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS). The content of plasma is known to increase after stroke, but the changes in the brain remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and distribution of ET-1 and endothelin receptors (ETR) in the brain after CIS in rats and their relationship with related brain injury. Methods We established a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-reperfusion in 12 male SD rats, 6 with nylon filament inserted through the left internal carotid artery (the ischemia-reperfusion [IR] group) and the other 6 without (the sham operation group). We observed the distribution of ET-1 and ETRs in different regions of the brain by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the sham operation group, the IR group showed significantly higher expressions of ET-1 in the cortex (0.107 ± 0.005 vs 0.230 ± 0.019, P < 0.05), caudate putamen (0.110 ± 0.028 vs 0.198 ± 0.008, P < 0.05) and hippocampus (0.101 ± 0.005 vs 0.183 ± 0.002, P < 0.05), ETR-A in the bilateral choroid plexus (0.086 ± 0.009 vs 0.131 ± 0.001, P < 0.05), pial vessels (0.063 ± 0.003 vs 0.132 ± 0.005, P < 0.05) and middle cerebral arteries (0.079 ± 0.003 vs 0.121 ± 0.008, P < 0.05), and ETR-B in the infarcted cortex (0.032 ± 0.003 vs 0.187 ± 0.025, P < 0.05) and hippocampus (0.029 ± 0.002 vs 0.226 ± 0.019, P < 0.05) of the ischemic hemisphere. Conclusion After cerebral IR, ET-1 and ETRs are selectively expressed in different brain regions, and their distribution may be related to IR-induced brain injury.

Analysis of PM2.5 components during winter in Xinxiang city and their inflammatory effects on human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To analyze the PM2.5 components collected during winter in Xinxiang city and their inflammatory effects on human type lⅡ alveolar epithelial cells.Methods Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was collected during winter in Xinxiang using a high-volume air sampler.The composition and mass concentration of soluble anions and metal elements in PM2.5 were determined with ion chromatography and inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometer,respectively.3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay was used to examine the effect of PM2.5 on viability of human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell line A549;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine the expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in A549 cells.Results Airborne PM2.5 contained higher levels of NOx and SO42-during winter in Xinxiang city.The amount of PM2.5-derived metal elements in PM2.5 varied significantly,with higher levels of Ca,Mg,Zn and Al.The inhibition ratio of 12.5,25.0,50.0,100.0,200.0,400.0 mg · L-1 pM2.5 group on A549 of human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell was higher than that of 0.0 mg · L-1 PM2.5 group (P ＜ 0.05).The inhibition ratio of 200.0,400.0 mg · L-1 PM2.5 group on A549 of human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell was higher than that of 12.5,25.0,50.0,100.0 mg · L-1 PM2.5 group(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the inhibition ratio in the 12.5,25.0,50.0,100.0 mg · L-1 PM2.5 group (P ＞ 0.05),and there was no significant difference in the inhibition ratio between 200.0 mg · L-1 PM2.5 group and 400.0 mg · L-1 PM2.5 group(P ＞ 0.05).Compared with 0.0 mg · L-1 pM2.5 group,the IL-1βand IL-8 protein expression of the human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells culture supernatants in the 25.0,50.0,100.0 mg · L-1PM2.5 group was higher(P ＜0.05).But there was no significant difference in the IL-1β and IL-8 protein expression of human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell culture supernatants among 25.0,50.0,100.0 mg · L-1 pM2.5 group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Analysis of source apportionment suggests that construction and automobiles are main sources of ambient PM2.5 air pollution.Moreover,exposure to PM2.5 can cause damage and pro-inflammatory response of human type Ⅱalveolar epithelial cells.

SSR information in Erigeron breviscapus transcriptome and polymorphism analysis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The SSR information in the transcriptome of Erigeron breviscapus was analyzed in this study, in order to further develop new functional genes SSR markers laid a solid foundation.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>SSR loci were searched in all of 52,060 unigenes by using est_timmer. Perl program and SSR primers were designed by Primer3. Furthermore, 36 pairs of primers were randomly selected for the polymorphism analysis on 13 Erigeron breviscapus plants collected from different places.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A total of 3639 SSRs were found in the transcriptome of Erigeron breviscapus, distributed in 3260 unigenes with the distribution frequency of 6.99%. Di-nucleotide repeat was the main type, account for as much as 34.41% of all SSRs, followed by mono-nucleotide (31.41%) and tri-nucleotide repeat motif (28.08%). The di-nucleotide repeat motifs of AT/AT and AC/GT were the predominant repeat types (28.71%). The tri-nucleotide repeat motifs of AAT/AT was the predominant repeat types (7.94%). For validation the availability of those SSR primers, we randomly selected 36 pairs of primers for PCR amplification. Among them, 34 pair primers (94.44%) produced clear and reproductive bands, 19 pair primers showed polymorphism (52.78%), and 13 Erigeron breviscapus plants were divided into 2 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are numerous SSRs in Erigeron breviscapus transcriptome with high frequency and various types, this will provide abundant candidate molecular markers for genetic diversity study and genetic map in this plant.</p>

Research on situation and countermeasure of Erigeron breviscapus plant production / 中国中药杂志

For more than ten years, Erigeron breviscapus has been used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, it experienced the procedure from wild species to the cultivars, and the quality of drug was rapidly improved. In order to further promote the development of E. breviscapus planting industry, this paper analyzes the development status and existing problems of E. breviscapus planting. Some measures would be come forward, such as strengthen the government's policy support and industrial regulate, accelerate the industry standard and technological innovation, expand brand effect of E. breviscapus of Yunnan, so that the industry has the health and sustainable development.

Cloning and bioinformation analysis of flavone synthase II gene of Erigeron breviscapus / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Erigeron breviscapus is a medicinal plant with the most developmental potential in Yunnan province, which is belongs to Erigeron genus of Compositae family. Scutellarin, the main active component of Erigeron breviscapus is one of flavone 7-O-glucuronide derivatives, its biosynthesis pathway is still not clear.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Full length cDNA encoding flavone syhthase II gene in E. breviscapus was cloned in this study using R-PCR, 3'-RACE and 5'-RACE.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The opening reading frame of FS II cDNA of E. breviscapus is 1 557 bp long and encoding 518 amino acids, designed as EbFS II, which is highly homologous with FS II of Compositae species, like Callistephus chinensis, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus, Gerbera hybrida, Dahlia pinnata and Lobelia erinus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Phylogenetic analysis showed that EbFS II might has the function of directly converting flavanone to flavone.</p>

Genetic diversity and group consistency of breeding strains of Erigeron breviscapus determined by AFLP marker / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the genetic diversity and breeding strains of the E. breviscapus germplasms, in order to provide theoretical information for Erigeron breviscapus breeding.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The genetic diversity and genetic structure were assayed to six germplasm resource of E. breviscapus which collected from Yunnna with 11 pairs primers and AFLP molecular marker.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six hundred and four amplification bands among 636 DNA bands were from six accession of E. breviscapus, which are about 82.40% of total bands. The six germplasms could be divided into three group at the 0. 706 similarity coefficient level. The first category include QS-1, QS-2 and Dali, Shilin, Kunming population. The second category included wild population of Qiubei. The third category included several sample from different district. The mean genetic similarity coefficient of QS-1 and QS-2 was bigger, genetic similarity coefficient range was smaller, hereditary character was more stable. Molecular system clustering analysis showed that the geographical origin of the same part had relative polymerization phenomenon and its genetic relationship was close. Qiubei was a single group possibly relating to the specific genetic basis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The analysis of genetic diversity of E. breviscapus by AFLP marker is reliable. The systematic E. breviscapus breeding is feasible.</p>

Research progress and strategy on genetic improvement of Erigeron breviscapus / 中国中药杂志

Cultivation research and the research progress of genetic improvement of Erigeron breviscapus were been described. Some messures would be come forward, Such as developed the genetic reasearch, germplasm resources and breeding of E. breviscapus. Also it must be reasearch the biological basis, seed-breeding technology and some critical cultivation technique of E. breviscapus.

Imaging diagnosis of lung lacerating injury / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the imaging findings of the lacerating injury of the lung. Methods Ten patients of lung lacerating injury were examined by X-ray and CT within 1—5 h after injury. X-ray(2—5 times)and CT(3—5 times)examinations were repeated for 7 patients.Results The lung lacerating injury involved 10 sides and 14 lung lobes(21 lesions in total)in the 10 cases,among which 1 case involved the right upper lobe with 1 lesion,2 cases in the right lower lobe with 2 lesions,1 case in the right upper and lower lobes with 2 lesions for each lobe,3 cases in the left lower lobe with 9 lesions,and 3 cases in both the left upper and the lower lobes with 7 lesions.The X-ray findings were cavity-like shadows with smooth margin in 9 lesions(9/21),and patchy shadows of fogging margin in 12 lesions(12/21).The CT imaging findings included 6 pulmonary hematomas(6/21),and 15 cavitary lesions with air-fluid levels (15/21).In the 15 cavitary lesions,CT revealed 14 single cavities and 2 small cavities within a big cavity. On dynamic follow-up observation,the cavity was the biggest in 1—5 h after injury,but the hematoma was the biggest in 2—3 days after injury.Hematomas tended to absorb slower than the cavities.After 16— 32 days,all lesions revolved into small patchy or stripe-like shadows with slightly increased density. Conclusion Cavitary lesion with air-fluid level is the characteristic imaging finding of lung lacerating injury.CT surpasses X-ray plain film in revealing the details of lung lacerating injury.